[Анфиса]

Arma spiritualia. Bibliotheken, Bucher und Bildung im Deutchen Orden. / Духовное оружие. Библиотеки, книги и образование в Немецком ордене.


Год: 2003
Автор: Mentzel-Reuters A. / Менцель-Ройтерс А.
Жанр: монография, история
Издательство: Verlag / Wiesbaden
ISBN: 3-447-04838-7
Язык: Немецкий
Формат: DjVu
Качество: Отсканированные страницы
Интерактивное оглавление: Нет
Количество страниц: 426

Описание:
The ''Deutscher Orden'', generally called the Order of Teutonic Knights in English, grew out of a hospital community founded outside Acre in 1190, was converted into a military order, initially following the rule of the Templars, and consisted of knights, priests, and lay brothers committed to supporting the crusade against the infidel (initially in the Holy Land, later in the eastern territories) and to caritative work. After the fall of Acre in 1291 activities were transferred from Outremer to Prussia and Livonia, where the order had been active since the 1230s and had established the ''Deutschordensstaat'', the administration of which came to dominate their affairs. The knights suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Polish-Lithuanian alliance at the battle of Tannenberg in 1410 and their lands were secularized in 1525.

This monograph is devoted to the quite remarkable book culture of the Teutonic Knights during the Middle Ages, which had to serve in particular the needs of lay brethren from noble families who lived in monastery-like communities, with liturgical and spiritual obligations, reading at meal times, and also a multitude of administrative duties that involved a good deal of book-keeping, which in turn accounts for the mentality that has provided us with inventories, book lists, and library catalogues. Their best-known writings are vernacular texts in verse for readings, and the question of their literacy, the manifold sources for which are exhaustively treated by Mentzel-Reuters, is an interesting analogue to that of the communities of nuns in the mendicant orders; from an educational point of view, like the nuns, they were mostly laymen, but in terms of their profession, also like nuns, they belonged to the clerical world.