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Mechanics of Materials (2nd edition)
Механика материалов (2-е изд.)
Год: 2011
Автор: Pytel A., Kiusalaas J. / Пайтел А., Кьюсалаас Д.
Жанр: Механика материалов
Издательство: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 978-0-495-66775-9, 0-495-66775-7
Язык: Английский Формат: PDF
Качество: Изначально компьютерное (eBook)
Интерактивное оглавление: Да
Количество страниц: 576 Описание: This textbook is intended for use in a first course in mechanics of materials. Programs of instruction relating to the mechanical sciences, such as mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering, often require that students take this course in the second or third year of studies. Because of the fundamental nature of the subject matter, mechanics of materials is often a required course, or an acceptable technical elective in many other curricula. Students must have completed courses in statics of rigid bodies and mathematics through integral calculus as prerequisites to the study of mechanics of materials.
This edition maintains the organization of the previous edition. The first eight chapters are dedicated exclusively to elastic analysis, including stress, strain, torsion, bending and combined loading. An instructor can easily teach these topics within the time constraints of a two-or three-credit course. The remaining five chapters of the text cover materials that can be omitted from an introductory course. Because these more advanced topics are not interwoven in the early chapters on the basic theory, the core material can e‰ciently be taught without skipping over topics within chapters.
Once the instructor has covered the material on elastic analysis, he or she can freely choose topics from the more advanced later chapters, as time permits. Organizing the material in this manner has created a significant savings in the number of pages without sacrificing topics that are usually found in an introductory text. Учебник по механике материалов для студентов первого года обучения. Опубликовано группой

CHAPTER 1
Stress 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Analysis of Internal Forces; Stress 2
1.3 Axially Loaded Bars 4
a. Centroidal (axial) loading 4
b. Saint Venant’s principle 5
c. Stresses on inclined planes 6
d. Procedure for stress analysis 7
1.4 Shear Stress 18
1.5 Bearing Stress 19
CHAPTER 2
Strain 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Axial Deformation; Stress-Strain
Diagram 32
a. Normal (axial) strain 32
b. Tension test 33
c. Working stress and factor of safety 36
2.3 Axially Loaded Bars 36
2.4 Generalized Hooke’s Law 47
a. Uniaxial loading; Poisson’s ratio 47
b. Multiaxial loading 47
c. Shear loading 48
2.5 Statically Indeterminate Problems 54
2.6 Thermal Stresses 63
CHAPTER 3
Torsion 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Torsion of Circular Shafts 76
a. Simplifying assumptions 76
b. Compatibility 77
c. Equilibrium 77
d. Torsion formulas 78
e. Power transmission 79
f. Statically indeterminate problems 80
3.3 Torsion of Thin-Walled Tubes 91
*3.4 Torsion of Rectangular Bars 99
CHAPTER 4
Shear and Moment in Beams 107
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 Supports and Loads 108
4.3 Shear-Moment Equations and
Shear-Moment Diagrams 109
a. Sign conventions 109
b. Procedure for determining shear
force and bending moment
diagrams 110
4.4 Area Method for Drawing Shear-Moment
Diagrams 122
a. Distributed loading 122
b. Concentrated forces and couples 124
c. Summary 126
CHAPTER 5
Stresses in Beams 139
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 Bending Stress 140
a. Simplifying assumptions 140
b. Compatibility 141
c. Equilibrium 142
d. Flexure formula; section modulus 143
e. Procedures for determining bending
stresses 144
5.3 Economic Sections 158
a. Standard structural shapes 159
b. Procedure for selecting standard
shapes 160
5.4 Shear Stress in Beams 164
a. Analysis of flexure action 164
b. Horizontal shear stress 165
c. Vertical shear stress 167
d. Discussion and limitations of the shear
stress formula 167
e. Rectangular and wide-flange
sections 168
f. Procedure for analysis of shear
stress 169
5.5 Design for Flexure and Shear 177
5.6 Design of Fasteners in Built-Up
Beams 184
CHAPTER 6
Deflection of Beams 195
6.1 Introduction 195
6.2 Double-Integration Method 196
a. Di¤erential equation of the elastic
curve 196
b. Double integration of the di¤erential
equation 198
c. Procedure for double integration 199
6.3 Double Integration Using Bracket
Functions 209
*6.4 Moment-Area Method 219
a. Moment-area theorems 220
b. Bending moment diagrams by
parts 222
c. Application of the moment-area
method 225
6.5 Method of Superposition 235
CHAPTER 7
Statically Indeterminate Beams 249
7.1 Introduction 249
7.2 Double-Integration Method 250
7.3 Double Integration Using Bracket
Functions 256
*7.4 Moment-Area Method 260
7.5 Method of Superposition 266
CHAPTER 8
Stresses Due to Combined Loads 277
8.1 Introduction 277
8.2 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels 278
a. Cylindrical vessels 278
b. Spherical vessels 280
8.3 Combined Axial and Lateral
Loads 284
8.4 State of Stress at a Point
(Plane Stress) 293
a. Reference planes 293
b. State of stress at a point 294
c. Sign convention and subscript
notation 294
8.5 Transformation of Plane Stress 295
a. Transformation equations 295
b. Principal stresses and principal
planes 296
c. Maximum in-plane shear stress 298
d. Summary of stress transformation
procedures 298
8.6 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 305
a. Construction of Mohr’s circle 306
b. Properties of Mohr’s circle 307
c. Verification of Mohr’s circle 308
8.7 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress 314
a. Plane state of stress 315
b. General state of stress 316
8.8 Applications of Stress Transformation to
Combined Loads 319
8.9 Transformation of Strain; Mohr’s Circle for
Strain 331
a. Review of strain 331
b. Transformation equations for plane
strain 332
c. Mohr’s circle for strain 333
8.10 The Strain Rosette 338
a. Strain gages 338
b. Strain rosette 339
c. The 45 strain rosette 340
d. The 60 strain rosette 340
8.11 Relationship between Shear Modulus and
Modulus of Elasticity 342
CHAPTER 9
Composite Beams 349
9.1 Introduction 349
9.2 Flexure Formula for Composite
Beams 350
9.3 Shear Stress and Deflection in Composite
Beams 355
a. Shear stress 355
b. Deflection 356
9.4 Reinforced Concrete Beams 359
a. Elastic Analysis 360
b. Ultimate moment analysis 361
CHAPTER 10
Columns 371
10.1 Introduction 371
10.2 Critical Load 372
a. Definition of critical load 372
b. Euler’s formula 373
10.3 Discussion of Critical Loads 375
10.4 Design Formulas for Intermediate
Columns 380
a. Tangent modulus theory 380
b. AISC specifications for steel columns 381
10.5 Eccentric Loading: Secant Formula 387
a. Derivation of the secant formula 388
b. Application of the secant formula 389
CHAPTER 11
Additional Beam Topics 397
11.1 Introduction 397
11.2 Shear Flow in Thin-Walled Beams 398
11.3 Shear Center 400
11.4 Unsymmetrical Bending 407
a. Review of symmetrical bending 407
b. Symmetrical sections 408
c. Inclination of the neutral axis 409
d. Unsymmetrical sections 410
11.5 Curved Beams 415
a. Background 415
b. Compatibility 416
c. Equilibrium 417
d. Curved beam formula 418
CHAPTER 12
Special Topics 425
12.1 Introduction 425
12.2 Energy Methods 426
a. Work and strain energy 426
b. Strain energy of bars and beams 426
c. Deflections by Castigliano’s
theorem 428
12.3 Dynamic Loading 437
a. Assumptions 437
b. Mass-spring model 438
c. Elastic bodies 439
d. Modulus of resilience; modulus of
toughness 439
12.4 Theories of Failure 444
a. Brittle materials 445
b. Ductile materials 446
12.5 Stress Concentration 452
12.6 Fatigue Under Repeated Loading 458
CHAPTER 13
Inelastic Action 463
13.1 Introduction 463
13.2 Limit Torque 464
13.3 Limit Moment 466
13.4 Residual Stresses 471
a. Loading-unloading cycle 471
b. Torsion 471
c. Bending 472
d. Elastic spring-back 473
13.5 Limit Analysis 477
a. Axial loading 477
b. Torsion 478
c. Bending 479
APPENDIX A
Review of Properties of
Plane Areas 487
A.1 First Moments of Area; Centroid 487
A.2 Second Moments of Area 488
a. Moments and product of inertia 488
b. Parallel-axis theorems 489
c. Radii of gyration 491
d. Method of composite areas 491
A.3 Transformation of Second Moments
of Area 500
a. Transformation equations for
moments and products of
inertia 500
b. Comparison with stress transformation
equations 501
c. Principal moments of inertia and
principal axes 501
d. Mohr’s circle for second moments
of area 502
APPENDIX B
Tables 509
B.1 Average Physical Properties of Common
Metals 510
B.2 Properties of Wide-Flange Sections
(W-Shapes): SI Units 512
B.3 Properties of I-Beam Sections (S-Shapes):
SI Units 518
B.4 Properties of Channel Sections:
SI Units 519
B.5 Properties of Equal and Unequal Angle
Sections: SI Units 520
B.6 Properties of Wide-Flange
Sections (W-Shapes): U.S. Customary
Units 524
B.7 Properties of I-Beam Sections (S-Shapes):
U.S. Customary Units 532
B.8 Properties of Channel Sections: U.S.
Customary Units 534
B.9 Properties of Equal and Unequal Angle
Sections: U.S. Customary Units 535
Answers to Even-Numbered
Problems 539
Index 547